Thanks to Albert: ⁣https://www.bitchute.com/channel/albert_q-minion/


⁣https://amazingpolly.net/contact-support.php




⁣Elon Musk "Confident" Brain Chip Company Neuralink Can Begin Human Trials In Six Months

BY TYLER DURDEN
THURSDAY, DEC 01, 2022

At a live-streamed event on Wednesday evening, Elon Musk announced that Neuralink Corp's coin-sized brain chip could be implanted in human heads for clinical trials within the next six months.

"We want to be extremely careful and certain that it will work well before putting a device into a human, but we've submitted, I think, most of our paperwork to the FDA, and probably in about six months, we should be able to upload Neuralink in a human," Musk said during the event at the company's headquarters in Fremont, California.

Neuralink's brain-computer interface (BCI) is a small chip implanted in a human's head to allow a person suffering from a debilitating condition, such as the aftereffects of a stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to communicate with their thoughts.

Previously, Musk had promised human trials would begin in 2020, then 2022, and now the target appears sometime in the first half of 2023. He also revealed two other BCIs that could one day be attached to the spinal cord and restore movement in someone with paralysis.

"As miraculous as that may sound, we are confident that it is possible to restore full-body functionality to someone who has a severed spinal cord," the billionaire co-founder said.

One of the presentation's highlights was a video of a monkey "telepathically typing" on a screen with a BCI implant.

"To be clear, he's not actually using a keyboard ... He's moving the cursor with his mind to the highlighted key. Now technically, he can't actually spell. So I don't wanna oversell this thing, because that's the next version."

BCI technology has been studied in academia for decades. Last year, European research announced a person who has ALS had regained his ability to communicate after a brain chip was installed in his head. And Brown University recently said, "using a brain-computer interface, a clinical trial participant was able to create text on a computer at a rate of 90 characters per minute just by thinking about the movements involved in writing by hand."

Musk's entry into the space in 2016 has spurred increased investments via venture capitalists into startups pushing this cyborg technology forward.

https://www.zerohedge.com/tech....nology/elon-musk-con

https://www.bloomberg.com/news..../articles/2022-12-01


⁣https://www.tigerdroppings.com..../rant/o-t-lounge/elo

https://usawatchdog.com/everyb....ody-knew-cv-19-vax-w

I asked JBP about the WOODEN DOORS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OcaMRLTyGI&lc=UgyY8eGDPu9kYcpdPCp4AaABAg 🚪

https://www.revolver.news/2022..../12/fedsurrection-sm

https://ago.mo.gov/docs/defaul....t-source/press-relea

⁣AI is our guy [and gal, it turns out - recall TayAI? - VfB]

Source: https://old.bitchute.com/video/0SIz1bKOpmO9/

AltCastTV & Odysee thumbnail: https://tenor.com/view/very-fu....nny-not-smile-fake-g

An artificial being...expressing disgust 🫣

⁣Saturday Night Live Stream W The Perimeter

⁣Source: https://twitter.com/dom_lucre/status/1719157492955983988?t=p_-MPc6mY73XMyYfBHN1QQ&s=19

AltCastTV & Odysee thumbnail: http://truthtalk13news.blogspot.com/

Here is hidden camera footage that exposed the long hidden satanic rituals performed by US government officials and prolific business execs, in the heart of the Red Wood Forest. This footage captures the dark ritual known as "The Cremation of Care", where attendees of the Bohemian Grove, burn a human effigy to a 30-foot-tall owl statue.

https://www.washingtonpost.com..../blogs/blogpost/post
Archived at: https://archive.vn/BqHSw

Every July, some of the richest and most powerful men in the world gather at a 2,700 acre campground in Monte Rio, Calif., for two weeks of heavy drinking, super-secret talks, druid worship (the group insists they are simply “revering the Redwoods”), and other rituals.
Their purpose: to escape the “frontier culture,” or uncivilized interests, of common men.

The people that gather at Bohemian Grove — who have included prominent business leaders, former U.S. presidents, musicians, and oil barons — are told that “Weaving Spiders Come Not Here,” meaning business deals are to be left outside. One exception was in 1942, when a planning for the Manhattan Project took place at the grove, leading to the creation of the atom bomb.

A spokesperson for Bohemian Grove say the people that gather there “share a passion for the outdoors, music, and theater.”
The club is so hush-hush that little can be definitively said about it, but much of what we know today is from those who have infiltrated the camp, including Texas-based filmmaker Alex Jones. In 2000, Jones and his cameraman entered the camp with a hidden camera and were able to film a Bohemian Grove ceremony, Cremation of the Care. During the ceremony, members wear costumes and cremate a coffin effigy called “Care” before a 40-foot-owl, in deference to the surrounding Redwood trees.

Bohemian Grove’s spokesperson calls the ceremony “a traditional musical drama celebrating nature and summertime.” The spokesperson also said that while Jones’ comments are inaccurate, the footage is real.

Another infiltrator, Spy magazine writer Philip Weiss, posed as a guest for seven days in 1989, when the waiting list was 33 years long and the grove had several thousand members. Weiss published the article “Inside Bohemian Grove,” writing: “You know you are inside the Bohemian Grove when you come down a trail in the woods and hear piano music from amid a group of tents and then round a bend to see a man with a beer in one hand ... urinating into the bushes. This is the most gloried-in ritual of the encampment, the freedom of powerful men to pee wherever they like, a right the club has invoked when trying to fight government anti-sex discrimination efforts and one curtailed only when it comes to a few popular redwoods just outside the Dining Circle.”

Former President Bill Clinton once told a heckler, “The Bohemian club! Did you say Bohemian club? That’s where all those rich Republicans go up and stand naked against redwood trees right? I’ve never been to the Bohemian club but you oughta go. It’d be good for you. You’d get some fresh air.”

The Sonoma County Free Press, which has published investigative stories on the grove since at least the 1980s, says activities include plays and comedy shows in which women are portrayed by male actors, and Lakeside Talks, in which high-ranking officials speak about information not available to the public. The group calls them “public interest talks.”

Protests take place at the Bohemian Grove nearly ever year. This year’s protest is organized by the California State Greens and endorsed by other social activist groups.

Bohemian Grove’s 2011 retreat begins in mid-July. We don’t suggest any infiltrators try to make their way through the entrance, guarded by camp valets and redwoods some 200 feet in height. It didn’t end too well for the last Vanity Fair editor who tried it.

⁣Source: https://gab.com/badluck_jones/....posts/11101185397654

Thumbnail: https://imgflip.com/i/293gtm

No good memes - so Adam West wins the day

⁣Source: On GAB; source disappeared as I saved it - all I was able to preserve was 'White guy makes pavement ape instantly regret sucker punching him 💪🏻'

Thumbnail: https://www.adl.org/resources/....blog/white-boy-summe

I wasn't going to post this...of course, when VfB posts: "Be moar racist if you want to live", some nitwit is bound to take things out of context:

Parliament member calls for genocide of whites in South Africa. Zero outrage.
https://twitter.com/endwokenes....s/status/16856818280

⁣Thumbnail: https://www.copblock.org/70742..../police-cop-repellen

AltCastTV & Odysee thumbnail: http://giphy.com/search/i-dont....-understand-the-ques

"I had the right to remain silent...but I didn't have the ability". - Ron White
Know your rights or you will have none.
Questions are traps. Don't get trapped.

Source: Disclosure Hub on Rumble [via Jim Crenshaw]

More videos you might like to see:
The youth of today engaging in good and wholesome behavior! Burning sodomite flags! 🏳‍🌈🔥
https://www.bitchute.com/video/3PBcvdSamzXc/

He is towing the car but I think he is doing it wrong.
https://www.bitchute.com/video/s0MSj6qUpFLI/

Vax pushing Breaking Bad actors body broken from Moderna shots He is dead at 52.
https://www.bitchute.com/video/JBjQPIJ0VIHM/

Microsoft released a commercial with Marina Abramovic and shortly after deleted it due to backlash
https://www.bitchute.com/video/3FNqgbpdLra4/

Before/After: Started testosterone at 12, at 19 she pisses her pants and is going through menopause
https://www.bitchute.com/video/gSUt3yKHFTzE/

These two love birds live in a tight knit community that watches out for them.💥😳😆😆👮🚔
https://www.bitchute.com/video/JqRNQjRlAX54/

How do you build your drug business? You give out free samples of course! They are lined up😜🤪
https://www.bitchute.com/video/GBDuqb3eFGkU/

I never saw someone sink a boat with a forklift before. Titan 2.0? Fork lifted around and found out
https://www.bitchute.com/video/nj9xuEmmLo64/

What they will not do for views on social media - Land whale🐳says she is anorexic.😳😆😆
https://www.bitchute.com/video/GsxAbSEjZ33T/

Papers Please. How to deal with a robot. My sensors detect a malfunction...💥💥💥🤖
https://www.bitchute.com/video/s0sulonYRo8b/

Like The Sunglasses From “They Live” The Military Has Interdimensional Goggles That Can See Demons
https://www.bitchute.com/video/qdGLnXfmry4l/

Blacks Law Dictionary and the "legal" definition of words. Do you know who you are?
https://www.bitchute.com/video/Mo5efFsRigjZ/

Nearly every congressman and senator has dual citizenship...guess with what country besides ours
https://www.bitchute.com/video/1F6eaBi4cv7U/

Here is another idiot dying for that all important really cool picture.🪦
https://www.bitchute.com/video/rRDJIBPnbpKg/

This is really creepy, even for Tom Hanks
https://www.bitchute.com/video/GSaL01TSGlVI/

He was Seeking Asylum, staying at Caesar's Palace gambling and buying whores. Gets murdered. WTF?😳
https://www.bitchute.com/video/tViyqfhhkksc/

MORE DECLASSIFIED FIRMAMENT DOCUMENTS FOUND (Firmament CIA Docs)
https://www.bitchute.com/video/A6Tlgszk33F1/

Lets see if there is another round in the chamber. 🔫💥 Sure is! What a dumb ass.
https://www.bitchute.com/video/tIBsNCobKjfH/

He brought his gun to a bus fight. He lost. 🔫💥🚌
https://www.bitchute.com/video/UMnAh5WXMBz6/

They use magnets in golf also...watch how fast the ball reverses direction
https://www.bitchute.com/video/6gTUHfjBsIGy/

Voyage to the Inner World - Link to the book in the description
https://www.bitchute.com/video/9G9TORb1hyNv/

Hidden Camera Films Secret 33rd Degree Masonic Ritual
https://www.bitchute.com/video/36zFu0ClHHR8/

The best commercial in all of history. You will laugh 🤣🤣🤣
https://www.bitchute.com/video/t2oxmfZaZ1J2/

They wanted an "experience" they got it. 😳😆😆 It's that hot monkey love baby! 🙈🙉🙊
https://www.bitchute.com/video/UjZiAowOUkDA/

RING VIDEO: WTH? I am on fire but I will just calmly walk into the house. 🔥😳
https://www.bitchute.com/video/JZ1H7MIZBk3L/

D.U.M.B. Deep Underground Military Bases
https://www.bitchute.com/video/N6x95E4YGoQ8/

Her 10yr old little brother explains why he does not want to get married...YEEE HAWWW!!😆😆
https://www.bitchute.com/video/rlyJaNJ1x7gI/

THIS ONE IS OFF THE CHARTS: 45 surgeries got a Frankenshot-they are turning him into a zombie🧟‍♂️
https://www.bitchute.com/video/lIQGv7Clc52u/

From South Africa: He was caught stealing. I mean really really caught. That looks painful.💥💥😳
https://www.bitchute.com/video/5yGoQz9DvMVF/

⁣Source: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/chembuster/

Thumbnail: https://www.esquire.com/entert....ainment/tv/a32674778


AltCastTV thumbnail: ⁣https://giphy.com/explore/epstein-trump

⁣My bud nailed it - I couldn't arrange the words correctly: KATIE JOHNSTON - THAT'S NOT A "RAPISTS" NAME...
Nah, Gislane Maxwell and Katie Johnston THOSE ARE MADAM NAMES.
AMERICAN WOMEN HER PROSTITUTES, FOR SALE TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER
WHAT COULD GO WRONG ???
https://gab.com/GabRsux/posts/110623752744715867

EVEN ATTACKS BY MEANS OF NEGATIVE REVIEWS CANNOT STOP THE TRUTH TO BE EXPOSED
====================================================
ENGLISH / SPANISH SUBTITLES
blacksheepfilms
Documentary made in 2018 that collects all the controversy unleashed by the prosecution of the criminal Jeffrey Epstein, at which time a deep hole of corruption was opening that splashed too many members of the elites.
It is noteworthy how, at that time, many of the publications made, when addressing the issue of Epstein's relations with rulers, celebrities and public figures that we are still getting to know, affected the relations between Epstein and Trump in an attempt to sow doubt about the image that Trump projected of fighting precisely against trafficking and child abuse.
That didn't get anywhere, but the testimony of these documents remains to remember it.

Blacksheep Twitter: https://twitter.com/Blacksh49424801
====================================================
My latest Geoengineering Video from devastated Germany:
Is This The End Of Germany?
https://www.bitchute.com/video/B3vVPyAOYX0m/

"Those who got eyes to see - let them see !" Looking at the environment through different eyes.
https://www.bitchute.com/video/WKlTKbH5CWBx/

WORLD FIRST: CHEMTRAILS - The Smoking Gun!!! Geoengineering Contracts EXPOSED!
https://www.bitchute.com/video/sO7aZosRFJpS/

Uncensored: PROOF of Geoengineering & Poisoning Humanity - Part 2
https://www.bitchute.com/video/a34GmdNWNZEX/

Meine Kanäle:
https://www.bitchute.com/channel/chembuster/
https://vimeo.com/chembuster

My personal greetings from Germany go to all patriots in the world

⁣THIS IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE SHINING, STANLEY KUBRICK, ADMITTING HE HELPED COMMIT THE BIGGEST FRAUD HOAX IN HISTORY & HE FEELS REALLY BAD ABOUT IT HERE. HE WAS KILLED AFTER THIS VIDEO CAME OUT. BUT TOO LATE JEWS, THE CAT'S OUTTA THE BAG NOW & WE NOW HAVE SOUGHT OUT GOD'S WORD FOR THE TRUTH & EXPERIMENTS WITH PLANES, ROCKETS, HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOONS...YOU NAME IT WE'VE TESTED IT & HAVE FOUND THE EARTH IS INDEED FLAT & STATIONARY & THE SUN, MOON & STARS ARE LOCAL IN THE FIRMAMENT ABOVE. THE STARS BEING THE LIGHTS IN WATER'S ABOVE.
SOURCES & THE REST OF THE VIDEO AT 👇
annaperdue.com [FREE SITE]
IMPORTANT PLACEHOLDER LINK IN THE EVENT THEIR CHANNEL IS REMOVED
https://www.bitchute.com/channel/kZPFE3CTRGdX/
IF YOU STILL BELIEVE NASA OVER GOD THAT'S ON YOU
🔥🔥🔥
PSALM 104:5
He set the earth on its foundations, so that it should never be moved.
✝✝✝
https://www.bitchute.com/channel/F8nnw2tnXp9t
https://t.me/wideawaketruthseekers


⁣https://indianexpress.com/arti....cle/entertainment/ho



⁣https://www.theparisreview.org..../blog/2019/07/18/how



⁣https://themillenniumreport.co....m/2019/07/how-stanle



⁣https://www.express.co.uk/news..../science/626119/MOON



⁣https://www.oregonlive.com/tod....ay/2015/04/stanley_k



⁣https://stillnessinthestorm.co....m/2015/12/stanley-ku



⁣https://www.tiktok.com/@rabbit....hole322/video/722047



⁣https://twitter.com/Janebon348....13396/status/1647125



⁣https://radha.name/links/moon-landing-is-faked

⁣A story about the fire at the heart of suffering.
Bringing together dancers, musicians, visual artists and 3d animators, the film takes a critical look at current events. A mysterious figure travels aboard his boat through a dark and desolate landscape in his quest for inner peace.

Main softwares used: Maya, Vray, FumeFX, RealFlow

Download the wallpapers on their site here : www.heliofant.com

Original soundtrack "the Stream", written and performed by Tanuki Project.
thetanukiproject.com

Some of the stellar artists that worked on the short: strob.net, huguescoupal.com, sebastienlarroude.com, arnaudbrisebois.carbonmade.com, daverand.com

Animation is about half keyframe animation and half motion capture.
Motion capture recording by Lartech.

Winner Ocelot Robot Film Festival
Placed 14th/100 best of 2012 | Fubiz
The Future of Animation | SOTW Awards 2013
"3D Movie creation" best film distinction | 4th International Animated Short Film Festival "Ciné court animé"

Based in the beautiful Laurentian mountains just north of Montreal, Canada, Heliofant is a nascent independent computer animation studio focused on creating experimental and challenging content. Bringing together artists from the fields of dance, music, computer animation and visual arts, the company is very interested in exploring the common ground that underlies many spiritual and philosophical traditions in a lyrical form.

You can contact them at :
info@heliofant.com

⁣Source: https://gab.com/DisclosureLibr....ary/posts/1101117565

2013 / NBC News : "Hillary Clinton's State Department covered up elite pedophile rings."

Jen Psaki helped Hillary Clinton's State Department cover up elite pedophile & human trafficking rings as reported by NBC themselves

https://newswithviews.com/the-devil-is-real-2/

An anti-jew music video. Love your race, love your people.

A pro-National Socialist and pro-Third Reich music video.

⁣Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN39uFURN8Q

Special thanks to https://www.bitchute.com/channel/piratepete/

One day, not long ago, in the infamous 'aftershow' immediately following Coach Dave's weekday morning broadcast, our Moderator, the head of the Texas Salt & Light Brigade, decided to regale us with a wee bit of an interesting video regarding the former Queen of England and a ceremony featuring a triple helix coming into being.

Brother - you didn't miss a single bit! He can be reached at Texas@SaltandLightBrigade.com

https://CoachDaveLive.com - don't forget his show at 11:00 AM Mondays only on https://Brighteon.TV

I would be remiss if I did not include my yuge breakthrough, as well:
COVID19 is YOUR ASSIGNED MACHINE ACCESS CODE 👿🔥
https://odysee.com/@GMNo!:8/GO....TEEM!%F0%9F%92%89%F0

https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces199880.html

http://news.rapgenius.com/1661....322/J-d-watson-and-f

https://holowiki.org/wiki/The_....Mechanics_of_Gelatin

⁣Thanks to https://www.bitchute.com/channel/dobie_tejas/

https://www.usatodaysun.com/jo....urnos-attack-reporte

Mainstream news reporters — in lockstep with Democratic strategists — rushed to social media to smear journalist Matt Taibbi as a “sad” “fraud” as he released his bombshell report on political censorship at Twitter.

“Matt Taibbi…what sad, disgraceful downfall,” Daily Beast columnist and New York Times contributor Wajahat Ali posted. “Selling your soul for the richest white nationalist on Earth.”
https://twitter.com/WajahatAli..../status/159882906823

On Friday, billionaire Elon Musk — who vowed to give the social media giant a free-speech overhaul when he bought it last month — released to Taibbi a shocking collection of inside correspondence proving that Democrat insiders leaned on Twitter’s censors to suppress The Post’s coverage of Hunter Biden’s laptop ahead of the 2020 presidential election.

While Ali was hitting send, Dem pollster Matt McDermott tweeted a nearly identical put-down.

Journalist Matt Taibbi is under fire for airing Elon Musk’s Twitter files.

“Matt Taibbi always was, and still remains, a fraud,” McDermott wrote. “Doing PR for the richest person in the world should come as no surprise.”
https://twitter.com/mattmfm/st....atus/159882950553541

The Democrat’s words appeared to have been cut-and-pasted from a tweet NBC’s Ben Collins had posted moments before.

“Imagine throwing it all away to do PR work for the richest person in the world,” Collins wrote. “Humiliating s–t.”

Yoel Roth, Twitter’s former head of trust and safety who left the company when Musk completed his takeover, accused the site’s new owner of endangering the censors.

Dozens of journalists — including MSNBC’s Chris Hayes, NBC’s Brandy Zadrozny, and the New Republic’s Jacob Silverman — and Democrat partisans piled on, drawing the scorn of investigative reporter Glenn Greenwald.

“The whole sleazy, in-group liberal gang from NBC, Daily Beast, etc — all the censorship advocates who think censorship advocacy is somehow compatible with journalism — are furious that the the acts of their Dem Party allies in getting the Biden story censored are being exposed,” Greenwald posted.
https://twitter.com/ggreenwald..../status/159885210054

Meanwhile, Yoel Roth, Twitter’s former head of trust and safety who left the company when Musk completed his takeover, accused the site’s new owner of endangering the censors.

Catch up on Twitter’s censorship of the Post’s Hunter Biden laptop story:
https://www.usatodaysun.com/el....on-musk-vows-more-sm

“Publicly posting the names and identities of front-line employees involved in content moderation puts them in harm’s way and is a fundamentally unacceptable thing to do,” Roth posted Friday on Mastodon, the Twitter-like site where many Musk opponents have decamped.

Roth admitted Wednesday that the social media giant “has interfered in elections.”
https://i.imgur.com/gi9Btmh.png

https://archive.ph/FmJDq

https://www.godlikeproductions.....com/forum1/message5

https://downwithtyranny.blogsp....ot.com/2018/01/the-p

⁣Two moronic climate activists defile Van Gogh's Sunflowers at the National Gallery and glued themselves to the wall.
How does defiling this beautiful work of art help solve "climate change"?
It doesn’t. They are simply two useless idiots rebelling against their parents perceived inadequacies.
They don’t even realize that the super glue, mobile phones, hair dye and make up are a derivative of oil production.

⁣I'M NOT GOING TO GIVE THIS ONE SHRED OF LEGITIMACY👎👎

THIS IS PATHETIC RACE BAITING AS ONLY THE (((homosexual banking mafia))) CAN BRING IT🏳‍🌈🍆🏦🤡

Watch Live: WI v. Darrell Brooks - Waukesha Parade Defendant Trial Day Six
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2U9JU-3-cQ

https://gab.com/Nature_and_Rac....e/posts/109162670153

https://noticias.plu7.com/1152....58/internacional/dar

[translation done on the fly...but as I said, I don't care - this is UTTER ASSHATTERY]

The ex-con accused of killing six people at a Christmas parade in Wisconsin shared social media posts calling for violence against whites - and suggesting "Hitler was right" for killing Jews.

Darrell Brooks Jr. - who has a decades-long criminal record - shared a series of disturbing memes and messages on social media, most of which have been deleted since his arrest in Sunday's deadly carnage.

They included several posts attacking police officers, comparing them to members of the Ku Klux Klan and calling them "violent street gangs" – as well as calling for violence against whites, according to the images.

"LEARNED THE BEHAVIOR TAUGHT!!" he wrote on June 9 last year amid the violent uprising caused by the murder of George Floyd by a Minnesota police officer, according to a screenshot shared by the Daily Mail.

"So when we start the bakk knokkin, the white TF outside, want to hear... the old ppl 2 white, KNOKK DEM TF OUT !! PERIOD," he wrote under his rap name, MathBoi Fly, along with a middle-finger emoji.

According to investigators, Darrell Brooks shared memes and talked about inciting violence against whites.
EPA County Sheriffs' Office / WAUKESHA
Police have not yet announced the motive for Sunday's carnage, but all six who died - including an 8-year-old boy - were white.

In 2015, he also shared a disturbing anti-Semitic meme that seemed to align with the beliefs of black Hebrew Israelites, according to another image shared by the Daily Mail.

Titled "Hitler knew who the real Jews were!" he shares the widely denied claim that the Nazi maniac warned that his genocide was partly motivated because he knew that "black people... are the true Hebrews."

This suggests that World War 3 would begin when people "knew Hitler was right" and "do the world a favor by killing" Jews.

https://www.icandecide.org/ica....n_press/breaking-new

⁣Engel v. Vitale | The First Amendment Encyclopedia (mtsu.edu)


⁣Engel v. Vitale (1962)
By David L. Hudson Jr.
Related cases in Public Schools and Religion, Establishment Clause

This 1962 photo shows some of the parents and children who brought suit against public schoolroom prayer in Engel v. Vitale (1962). In this case, the Supreme Court said the prayer violated the First Amendment. (AP Photo, used with permission from the Associated Press)
In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment. The case involved a 22-word nondenominational prayer recommended to school districts by the New York Board of Regents: “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country.”
Parents said officially sponsored school prayer violated the First Amendment
The Union Free School District in New Hyde Park, N.Y., adopted the recommendation and instituted a practice whereby teachers led students in the prayer every morning. The practice was voluntary, and students could be excused without punishment upon written request from their parents.
Steven Engel and several other parents challenged the officially sponsored prayer as a violation of the First Amendment. Engel, a Jewish man, believed that the state should not impose a one-size-fits-all prayer upon children of many different faiths or no faith. The plaintiffs lost before the Supreme Court of New York in 1959, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York in 1960, and the Court of Appeals of New York in 1961, none of which viewed the prayer practice as the establishment of an official religion.
Engel and the others appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the parents in a 6-1 vote (Justices Felix Frankfurter and Byron R. White did not participate).
Supreme Court struck down the prayer
Writing for the majority, Justice Hugo L. Black focused on the history of religious discrimination and intolerance in England and the early Colonial days of the United States. This history, according to Black, showed that by the time of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution Americans had a “widespread awareness . . . of the dangers of a union of Church and State.”
Black did not cite a single U.S. Supreme Court case in the text of his majority opinion, although he cited Everson v. Board of Education (1947) in a footnote. Instead, he cited a variety of secondary sources on the history and struggle for religious liberty. According to Black, “the First Amendment was added to the Constitution to stand as a guarantee that neither the power nor the prestige of the Federal Government would be used to control, support or influence the kinds of prayer the American people can say.”
Black concluded that “government in this country should stay out of the business of writing or sanctioning official prayers and leave that purely religious function to the people.”
Justice William O. Douglas wrote a concurring opinion, contending that “once government finances a religious exercise it inserts a divisive influence into our communities.”
Justice Potter Stewart wrote the lone dissent. He argued that the majority “misapplied a great constitutional principle” and denied public schoolchildren “the opportunity of sharing in the spiritual heritage of our Nation.” He noted that history and tradition showed many religious influences and elements in society, such as “In God We Trust” on the nation’s money, opening sessions of the Supreme Court with “God Save This Honorable Court,” the opening prayers in Congress, and the many acknowledgments of God by various presidents in public speeches.
Decision caused public outrage and criticism
The decision caused outrage among many and harsh criticism of the Warren Court. Engel said that he and his family members suffered obscene phone calls, taunts, and community ostracism.
The decision led the Court to strike down similar school-sponsored prayers in the consolidated cases of Abington School District v. Schempp and Murray v. Curlett (1963).
Principles of Engel have been extended to other cases
The principles of Engel have been extended by Court decisions invalidating an Alabama law requiring a moment of silence that appeared to have been rewritten specifically to encourage school prayer in Wallace v. Jaffree (1985), a middle school graduation school prayer in Lee v. Weisman (1992), and prayer at high school football games in Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000).
David L. Hudson, Jr. is a law professor at Belmont who publishes widely on First Amendment topics. He is the author of a 12-lecture audio course on the First Amendment entitled Freedom of Speech: Understanding the First Amendment (Now You Know Media, 2018). He also is the author of many First Amendment books, including The First Amendment: Freedom of Speech (Thomson Reuters, 2012) and Freedom of Speech: Documents Decoded (ABC-CLIO, 2017). This article was originally published in 2009.​

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SEE ALSO
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
Byron White
Establishment Clause (Separation of Church and State)
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
Felix Frankfurter
Hugo Black
In God We Trust
Lee v. Weisman (1992)
Potter Stewart
Prayer in Public Schools
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
William Douglas
FURTHER READING
Dierenfield, Bruce. The Battle over School Prayer: How Engel v. Vitale Changed America. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2007.
Haynes, Charles C. Religion in American History: What to Teach and How. Alexandria, Va.: ASCD, 1990.

Hudson, David L., Jr. “Plaintiff in 1962 Landmark School-Prayer Case Reflects on His Role.” Freedom Forum Institute, Jan. 27, 2005.


"Engel v. Vitale (1962)." Khan Academy.


Haynes, Charles C. "50 Years Later, How School-Prayer Ruling Changed America." Freedom Forum Institute, July 29, 2012.


"Student Project: Prayer in Public Schools: Engel v. Vitale." Pace Law School Library.

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